[EBCC 2016]宋向阳教授:非前哨淋巴结转移风险能否预测?

作者:  宋向阳   日期:2016/3/10 16:08:22  浏览量:27328

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编者按:第10届欧洲乳腺癌大会(EBCC)已经开始第二天的日程,《肿瘤瞭望》撷取会议重点摘要,邀请浙江省人民医院宋向阳教授给予点评,以加深读者对研究的见解。

  前哨淋巴结定位活检已经成为临床淋巴结阴性的早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结分期的标准并且是首选的方法。对于前哨淋巴结阴性患者,常规腋窝淋巴结清扫是无益也是不必要的。对于前哨淋巴结阳性患者,一般认为腋窝淋巴结清扫是标准推荐。然而,大约有高达70%的患者,其前哨淋巴结是唯一有转移的,也就是说,剩余的腋窝非前哨淋巴结并没有转移。因此,对于这部分患者,进一步的腋窝淋巴结清扫似乎是无益而且过度治疗的。ACOSOG Z0011临床试验表明即使有前哨淋巴结转移,进一步的腋窝淋巴结清扫也并非是必须的,当然,这需要符合Z0011的条件:肿瘤大小T1或T2,前哨淋巴结转移数目仅1-2个,保乳手术并且术后全乳放疗及系统治疗,不适合于新辅助化疗后的患者。在这个临床试验中,1-2个前哨淋巴结转移的患者中有进一步的腋窝非前哨淋巴结转移的大约有27%,尽管如此,从复发率和生存率上看,对于这类腋窝肿瘤低负荷的患者,腋窝淋巴结清扫也并非有益。因此,在前哨淋巴结阳性患者中如何预测腋窝非前哨淋巴结的转移状况是非常有意义的。

 

  然而,要解决这个问题并非易事,众多的研究开发建立了各自的预测模型和评分系统。比如,预测模型有:Mayo(梅奥诊所),MSKCC(斯隆凯特琳纪念医院),Stanford(斯坦福),Cambridge(剑桥),Gur,MOU及Dutch(荷兰);评分工具有:Saidi、Tennon和MDACC(MD安德森肿瘤中心)等。在国内,上海复旦大学肿瘤医院和汕头大学肿瘤医院也建立自己的基于列线图的预测模型。这些模型工具通过循证数据试图来帮助临床医生或患者进行临床决策。但是,现实是骨感的,众多的验证研究表明一个预测模型在这个人群中表现良好,但在另一个人群中并不一定有良好效能。比如,对于MSKCC模型,山东肿瘤医院对509例阳性前哨淋巴结患者进行验证,AUC为0.722,有一定的预测价值,但是上海瑞金医院对150例前哨淋巴结阳性患者进行效能研究发现准确性较低(AUC 0.677)。中山大学孙逸仙医院的一项荟萃分析表明,六个预测系统进行大量验证后的AUC最高不超过0.73,只能说其有一定价值但尚不能非常安全可靠地应用在临床。因此,预测非前哨淋巴结转移的研究尚有较长的一段路要走。

 

  基于此,在当前召开的EBCC会议上,一项来自瑞典乳腺癌登记系统大数据的相关研究受到公众的关注也就并不奇怪了。这个研究在“焦点壁报”中展示,目的是为了预测腋窝非前哨淋巴结转移的风险。数据来自瑞典全国乳腺癌登记系统,这个系统自2008年开始使用,依从性达99%以上。瑞典有全国性的乳腺X线筛查项目,全国的指南推荐对前哨淋巴结宏转移和微转移的患者进行腋窝清扫,但对于ITC则不必。登记系统评估了自2008年到2012年5月的33314例患者,平均年龄63岁,保乳患者占61.5%。其中23053(69%)例患者进行了前哨淋巴结活检,采用双示踪剂法,41%的患者额外进行了淋巴闪烁造影。在保乳患者和全乳切除患者中平均肿瘤大小分别为16mm和27mm,前哨淋巴结阳性率分别为16.7% 和26.8%。腋窝清扫切除的平均淋巴结数目为13枚(1-50),前哨淋巴结的平均数目为2枚(1-8)。5382例患者前哨淋巴结阳性(15.8%为宏转移,5.7%微转移,1.5%ITC转移),其非前哨淋巴结转移有31.6%。分析非前哨淋巴结宏转移的风险:如果仅1枚前哨淋巴结宏转移,38%的非前哨淋巴结阳性。2枚宏转移,52%非前哨淋巴结阳性,3枚则达64%,差异显著。1010例前哨淋巴结微转移患者中,若1枚前哨淋巴结微转移,非前哨淋巴结阴性者81%,2枚微转移,75%阴性,3枚者为50%,差异也显著。18754例有脉管侵犯(LVI)资料的患者中,有LVI者非前哨淋巴结转移的风险明显增高(48% vs. 30%),浸润性小叶癌比浸润性导管癌有更多的前哨淋巴结转移率(30% vs. 26%),而且有更多的腋窝二次清扫,其部分原因是术中冰冻诊断的不确定性。

 

  从这些真实世界的大数据看,在瑞典前哨淋巴结活检工作进行良好,69%的患者首选前哨淋巴结活检,22.1%的前哨淋巴结转移。非前哨淋巴结转移的风险明显和前哨淋巴结转移数目(2个或以上)及脉管侵犯有关。这部分患者是否就是适合腋窝淋巴结清扫呢?回答这个问题有待于瑞典全国性的随机研究的最终结果。

 

  专家简介

  宋向阳,浙江大学肿瘤学博士,研究生导师,主任医师。现任浙江省人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科副主任。现为中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会青年委员会委员,中国医药教育协会乳腺病专业委员会委员,浙江省抗癌协会理事,浙江省抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会委员,浙江省康复医学委员会肿瘤康复委员会委员,浙江省医学会外科学分会甲状腺学组副主任委员,美国临床肿瘤学协会(ASCO)会员,国际转化肿瘤医学协会(STO)会员,省自然科学基金评审专家。已在国内外杂志上发表学术论文40余篇,主持和参与10余项国家、省自然科学基金和厅局级课题。

 

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  研究摘要

Can we predict the risk for non-sentinel node metastases? Results from the swedish breast cancer registry on 23053 patients

Poster Spotlight: E. Vihke-Patil (Sweden)

Introduction: Performing axillary clearance after node positive sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been challenged. This register study aimed to predict the risk for non sentinel node metastasis after axillary clearance in Swedish patients. The Swedish Breast Cancer Registry has been in use since 2008 with >99%compliance. National guidelines recommend clearance for macro-and micrometastasis in SN but not for isolated tumor cells(ITC). Mammography screening is performed nationwide.

Materials and Methods: Data for 33,314 patients, 2008 until May 2012, is evaluated. SNB was performed in 23,053 patients corresponding to 69% of all patients; a stable figure since 2008. This cohort is further investigated. Patients median age was 63 years. Breast conserving surgery (BCT) was performed in 61.5%. SNB detection mode was radiocolloid and blue dye injection in all patients. 41%underwent additional lymphoscintigraphy. Mean tumor size after BCT and mastectomy(ME) was 16 and 27mm respectively. BCT and ME show SNB positive in 16.7% and 26.8% respectively. Number of excised nodes after axillary clearance was 13 (range 1–50).

Results: Median harvested SNBs was 2 (range 1–8). 5382 SNB+ cases were found, giving 15.8%macrometastasis, 5.7%micrometastasis and 1.5%ITC. Altogether non-SN metastasis were found for 31.6%of SNB+ patients.

The risk of non-SNB macrometastasis is: If only 1 macrometastasis in SNB, 38% had further involved nodes. If 2 macrometastasis in SNBs, 52% had non-SNB metastasis and if 3 positive SNBs the figure was 64% positive non-SNB nodes; a significant difference. Evaluating 1010 SNB micrometastatic cases gave figures of freedom of non-SNB metastasis: 1 micrometastatic node 81%, 2 75% free and 3 micrometastasis show 50% non-involved metastasis. These figures are also significant.

Data on lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was available for 18754 cases and showed a significant higher risk for non-SNB metastasis in LVI-positive tumors 48% against 30%. SNB metstasis were more frequent in lobular cancers, 30% against 26% for ductal cancers and significantly more axillas had to be reexplored in lobular cancers, partly due to equivocal frozen section analyses.

Conclusion: The SNB diagnostic technique works well in Sweden; 69% of patients had SNB as the primary axillary procedure 2008–2012. 22.1% show SNB-positivity. The risk for non-SNB metastasis is significantly correlated to 2 or more involved SNBs and to positive LVI. Is this the group for axillary surgery A new national randomized study will investigate the need for completion axillary clearance in a subset of SNB+ patients.

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